Collection

A Collection in Internet Object is an ordered sequence of collection items (objects) within a section of a document. Collections enable efficient serialization, batching, and streaming of multiple objects—such as datasets, tables, or event logs—in a concise, flexible format.

Collections are conceptually similar to datasets in CSV, streams in JSON Lines, or record arrays in Avro.

Collections are always part of an Internet Object document, not standalone documents. An Internet Object document consists of a header and a body. The body contains one or more sections. A section can contain either a single object or a collection (multiple objects as collection items).

Collections support both homogeneous and heterogeneous data. Each item in the collection is independent; failure of one item does not affect others.

Syntax

A collection section consists of one or more collection items, each beginning with a tilde ~ (U+007E) followed by an object.

object is as defined in the . Both open and closed object forms are permitted, though open form is recommended for clarity.

Structural Characters

Definition of Collection Item

A collection item is the top-level object immediately following a tilde (~) in a collection section.

• Each collection item must be a valid Internet Object object—either in open form (comma-separated values) or closed form (enclosed in {}).

• If the item is empty (~ alone), it is called an empty item and is interpreted as an empty object ({}).

Type Promotion of Collection Items

If a collection item appears syntactically to be a single primitive value (number, string, boolean, null) or an array, it is implicitly promoted to an open object containing that value as its only field.

Examples:

Rule: Every collection item is parsed as an object, regardless of whether it appears to be a primitive, array, or explicit object.

Valid Forms

Collection of Open Objects (Recommended)

Collection of Closed Objects

Collection with JSON like object syntax

Mixed

Optional Behaviors

Whitespace and Formatting

• Whitespace is allowed around the tilde, commas, and within objects.

• Collection items are typically separated by newlines, but any whitespace may be used.

• Trailing commas within objects are allowed and ignored.

Empty Items

• An empty item (just ~) is always interpreted as an empty object ({}).

• If a schema is present, an empty item is valid only if all fields are optional or nullable; otherwise, it is invalid.

Nesting or Composition

• Each collection item must be a top-level object (open or closed).

• Objects may contain nested arrays or child objects as fields.

Invalid Forms

Collection Item Independence and Error Handling

Each collection item (object) is parsed and validated independently:

• If a collection item fails to parse or validate, only that item is marked as an error.

• All other items remain unaffected and are processed as usual.

• Implementations may provide modes for "fail fast" (stop on first error) or "parse all" (continue and collect errors); it is recommended to parse all items and report errors per item.

• If a collection item contains nested child objects, failure means the entire top-level object (the collection item) is in error, not just the child.

Example:

The third item is invalid, but the others are unaffected.

Preservation of Structure

• Collection item order and structure are preserved as written.

• Whitespace and comments are preserved (but ignored for parsing).

• Interpretation, key uniqueness, and field mapping are determined by schemas, validators, or application logic.

See Also